Kubijyanye no kuvumbura no gukoresha flake grafite, hari urubanza rwanditse neza, mugihe igitabo Shuijing Zhu aricyo cyambere, cyavuze ko "hari umusozi wa grafite kuruhande rwumugezi wa Luoshui". Urutare rwose ni umukara, ibitabo rero birashobora kuba bike, kubwibyo bizwi cyane kuri grafite. ”Ubushakashatsi bw'ibyataburuwe mu matongo bwerekana ko nko mu myaka irenga 3.000 ishize ku ngoma ya Shang, Ubushinwa bwakoresheje grafite mu kwandika inyuguti, zakomeje kugeza ku iherezo ry'ingoma ya Han y'iburasirazuba (AD 220). Igishushanyo nkibitabo byibitabo byasimbuwe na wino y itabi. Mu gihe cya Daoguang ku ngoma ya Qing (AD 1821-1850), abahinzi bo mu mujyi wa Chenzhou, mu Ntara ya Hunan bacukuye grake ya flake nka lisansi, yitwaga “karuboni ya peteroli”.
Izina ry'icyongereza rya Graphite rikomoka ku ijambo ry'Ikigereki “graphite in”, risobanura “kwandika”. Yiswe umuhanga mu bya shimi n’umudage witwa AGWerner mu 1789.
Inzira ya molekulari ya flake grafite ni C naho uburemere bwayo ni 12.01. Igishushanyo gisanzwe ni icyuma cyirabura nicyuma cyijimye, hamwe numurongo wumukara wijimye, urumuri rwumucyo nubusa. Ikirahure ni icyiciro cyibice bitandatu bya biconical kristal, aribyo byapa bya mpandeshatu. Imiterere isanzwe ya simplex irimo ibangikanye impande zombi, impande zombi zingana na mpande esheshatu, ariko imiterere ya kirisiti ntisanzwe, kandi muri rusange ni nini cyangwa isahani. Ibipimo: a0 = 0.246nm, c0 = 0.670nm Imiterere isanzwe igizwe, aho atome ya karubone itondekanye mubice, kandi buri karubone ihujwe kimwe na karubone yegeranye, kandi karubone muri buri cyiciro itondekanya impeta ya mpandeshatu. Impeta ya mpandeshatu ya karubone murwego rwo hejuru no hepfo yegeranye yegeranye ihinduranya mu cyerekezo kibangikanye nindege ya mesh hanyuma igashyirwa hamwe kugirango ikore urwego. Icyerekezo gitandukanye nintera yo kwimurwa biganisha kubintu bitandukanye bya polymorphique. Intera iri hagati ya atome ya karubone murwego rwo hejuru no hepfo ni nini cyane kuruta iyo hagati ya atome ya karubone murwego rumwe (Umwanya wa CC mubice = 0.142nm, CC intera hagati ya layers = 0.340nm). 2.09-2.23 uburemere bwihariye na 5-10m2 / g ubuso bwihariye. Ubukomere ni anisotropique, indege ya vertical clavage ni 3-5, naho indege ibangikanye ni 1-2. Igiteranyo gikunze kuba kinini, kibyimbye nubutaka. Graphite flake ifite amashanyarazi meza nubushyuhe. Amabuye y'agaciro asanzwe atagaragara munsi yumucyo wanduye, uduce duto cyane ni icyatsi kibisi-icyatsi, kidahuje, hamwe nigipimo cya 1.93 ~ 2.07. Munsi yumucyo ugaragara, ni umutuku wijimye wijimye, ufite amabara menshi agaragara, Ro yijimye yijimye, Re yijimye yijimye yijimye, yerekana Ro23 (umutuku), Re5.5 (umutuku), ibara ryerekana neza kandi ryerekana kabiri, ubutumburuke bukomeye hamwe na polarisiyasi . Ibiranga ibiranga: umukara wicyuma, ubukana buke, itsinda ryibintu bikabije byuzuye, guhinduka, kumva kunyerera, byoroshye kwanduza amaboko. Niba uduce twa zinc twahanaguwe n'umuti wa sulfate y'umuringa ushyizwe kuri grafite, umuringa wumuringa wumuringa urashobora kugwa, mugihe molybdenite isa nayo ntayo ikora.
Graphite ni allotrope ya karubone yibanze (izindi allotropes zirimo diyama, karubone 60, carbone nanotubes na graphene), kandi peripheri ya buri atome ya karubone ihujwe nandi atome atatu ya karubone (ubwinshi bwa hexagons itunganijwe muburyo bwubuki) kugirango ibe covalent molekile. Kubera ko atome ya karubone isohora electron, izo electron zirashobora kugenda mwisanzure, so flake grafite numuyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Indege ya Cleavage yiganjemo imigozi ya molekile, ifite imbaraga zo gukurura molekile, bityo kureremba kwayo nibyiza cyane. Kubera uburyo bwihariye bwo guhuza flake grafite, ntidushobora gutekereza ko flake grafite ari kristu imwe cyangwa polycristal. Noneho muri rusange bifatwa ko flake grafite ari ubwoko bwa kristu ivanze.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-04-2022