Ikarita yagutse, izwi kandi nka vermicular graphite, ni urusobekerane rwa kristalline ikoresha uburyo bwumubiri cyangwa imiti kugirango ihuze reaction zidafite karubone mubikoresho bisanzwe byapima ibishushanyo mbonera bya nanocarubone kandi bigahuzwa nindege za karuboni esheshatu mugihe gikomeza imiterere ya Graphite. Ntabwo ikomeza gusa ibintu byiza byumubiri nubumara bya grafite, nko kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, kurwanya ruswa, neutron flux, X-ray na gamma-ray imirasire yigihe kirekire. Ifite kandi ibintu byiza byumubiri nubumara, nka coefficient de fraisement nkeya, kwisiga neza, amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi, hamwe na anisotropy. Byongeye kandi, kubera imikoranire hagati yibintu bifitanye isano na grafite ya grafite, igishushanyo cyagutse cyerekana imitungo mishya grafite pristine hamwe nibikoresho bifitanye isano bidafite, kandi ikanesha ubukana ningaruka ziterwa na grafite karemano. Abanditsi bakuru ba Furuite bakurikira basangiye uburyo bwo guhuza inganda ninganda zikoreshwa mugushushanya:
1. Uburyo bwa sintetike bukunze gukoreshwa mu nganda
Ox Okiside ya chimique
Ibyiza: Okiside ya chimique nuburyo bukoreshwa kandi bwashizweho neza muruganda. Kubwibyo, ifite ibyiza bigaragara, tekinoroji ikuze nigiciro gito.
Ibibi: Umukozi uhuza abantu usanga yibanze cyane kuri acide sulfurike, ikoresha aside nyinshi. Hariho umwanda wa Sox wangiza mugikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro, kandi ibisigara mubicuruzwa nabyo byangiza ibikoresho bya synthesis.
Okiside ya elegitoroniki
Kimwe na okiside ya chimique, ni bumwe muburyo busanzwe bwo guhuza inganda zo kwagura grafite.
Ibyiza: Nta mpamvu yo kongeramo okiside ikomeye, nka acide ikomeye, kandi reaction irashobora kugenzurwa muguhindura ibipimo nkubu na voltage. Ibikoresho bya synthesis biroroshye, ingano ya synthesis ni nini, electrolyte ntabwo yanduye, kandi irashobora kongera gukoreshwa.
Ibibi: Ihungabana ryibicuruzwa byakorewe ubukene birakennye kuruta ubundi buryo, busaba ibikoresho bihanitse, kandi hari ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kumiterere yibicuruzwa. Rimwe na rimwe, ingano yagutse yibicuruzwa iragabanuka cyane kubera kwiyongera kwubushyuhe bwibidukikije. Mubyongeyeho, hari impande zinyuranye kumuyoboro mwinshi mubisubizo byamazi, biragoye rero kubona ibice byambere byateganijwe.
2. Ibigo bikuru bitanga umusaruro nubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro
Umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa byaguzwe bya grafite mu gihugu cyanjye wazamutse uva ku cyiciro cya mbere ugera ku bakora inganda zirenga 100, buri mwaka umusaruro wa toni zigera ku 30.000, kandi isoko ni rito. Na none, abayikora benshi ni cyane cyane ibyuzuye byuzuza kashe, ntibikunze gukoreshwa mubidodo byimodoka hamwe namatara yindege za kirimbuzi. Ariko, hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryimbere mu gihugu, igipimo cyibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru kiziyongera buhoro buhoro.
3. Ibisabwa ku isoko no guteganya ibikoresho bifunga kashe
Kugeza ubu, grafite yagutse ikoreshwa cyane cyane nk'ibikoresho byo gufunga amamodoka, nka gaze ya silinderi, gufata no gusohora ibyambu biva mu cyambu, n'ibindi. Kugeza ubu, grafite yagutse irimo karubone nkeya yatejwe imbere, ishobora kugabanya cyane igiciro cy’umusaruro wa grafite yagutse, bityo igasimbuza asibesitosi ku rugero runini kandi ikiyongera. Ku rundi ruhande, niba ibikoresho bya pulasitiki, reberi hamwe n’ibyuma bifunga kashe bishobora gusimburwa igice, icyifuzo cy’imbere mu gihugu ku bikoresho byaguka bya grafite bizaguka cyane.
Mu nganda z’imodoka, buri cyuma cya silinderi yimodoka, gufata ikirere hamwe na gaze ya gaze ya gaze ikenera hafi 2 ~ 10kg ya grafite yagutse, kandi buri modoka 10,000 ikenera toni 20 ~ 100 za grafite yagutse. Inganda z’imodoka mu Bushinwa zinjiye mu gihe cy’iterambere ryihuse. Kubwibyo, igihugu cyanjye gisaba buri mwaka ibikoresho byo gufunga ibikoresho bya grafite biracyafite intego.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-07-2022