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Muri iki gikorwa, ibihangano bya rGO / nZVI byahujwe bwa mbere hakoreshejwe uburyo bworoshye kandi bwangiza ibidukikije hifashishijwe ibimera by’ibabi by’umuhondo bya Sophora nkumuti ugabanya na stabilisateur kugirango ukurikize amahame ya chimie "icyatsi", nka sintezike y’imiti yangiza. Ibikoresho byinshi byakoreshejwe kugirango hemezwe neza guhuza ibice, nka SEM, EDX, XPS, XRD, FTIR, na zeta ubushobozi, byerekana guhimba neza. Ubushobozi bwo kuvanaho ibihangano bya roman hamwe nZVI ityoroye muburyo butandukanye bwo gutangira antibiyotike doxycycline yagereranijwe no gukora ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka ziterwa na rGO na nZVI. Mugihe cyo kuvanaho 25mg L-1, 25 ° C na 0.05g, igipimo cyo gukuraho adsorptive ya nZVI yera yari 90%, mugihe igipimo cyo gukuraho adsorptive ya doxycycline na rGO / nZVI igizwe na 94,6%, byemeza ko nZVI na rGO . Gahunda ya adsorption ihuye na pseudo-isegonda ya kabiri kandi irahuza neza na moderi ya Freundlich ifite ubushobozi bwa adsorption ntarengwa 31.61 mg g-1 kuri 25 ° C na pH 7. Hatanzwe uburyo bunoze bwo gukuraho DC. Byongeye kandi, kongera gukoreshwa kwa rGO / nZVI byari 60% nyuma yincuro esheshatu zikurikiranye.
Ibura ry’amazi n’umwanda ubu ni ikibazo gikomeye ku bihugu byose. Mu myaka yashize, umwanda w’amazi, cyane cyane umwanda wa antibiyotike, wiyongereye kubera kongera umusaruro n’ikoreshwa mu gihe cy’icyorezo cya COVID-19,2,3. Kubwibyo, guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryiza ryo kurandura antibiyotike mumazi y’amazi ni umurimo wihutirwa.
Imwe mu miti irwanya antibiyotike irwanya igice cya tetracycline ni doxycycline (DC) 4,5. Byagaragaye ko ibisigazwa bya DC mu mazi y’ubutaka n’amazi yo hejuru bidashobora guhindagurika, 20-50% gusa ni byo byahinduwe naho ibindi bisohoka mu bidukikije, bitera ibibazo bikomeye by’ibidukikije n’ubuzima6.
Guhura na DC kurwego rwo hasi birashobora kwica mikorobe y’amazi yo mu mazi, bikabangamira ikwirakwizwa rya bagiteri ziterwa na mikorobe, kandi bikongera imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi, bityo rero umwanda ugomba gukurwa mu mazi y’amazi. Kwangirika kwa DC mumazi ni inzira itinda cyane. Ibikorwa bya fiziki-chimique nka Photolysis, biodegradation na adsorption birashobora guteshwa agaciro gusa nubushyuhe buke kandi ku gipimo gito cyane 7.8. Nyamara, ubukungu cyane, bworoshye, butangiza ibidukikije, byoroshye gukemura nuburyo bwiza ni adsorption9,10.
Nano zero valent fer (nZVI) nikintu gikomeye cyane gishobora kuvana antibiyotike nyinshi mumazi, harimo metronidazole, diazepam, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, na tetracycline. Ubu bushobozi buterwa nibintu bitangaje nZVI ifite, nkibikorwa byinshi, ubuso bunini, hamwe nimbuga nyinshi zo guhuza11. Nyamara, nZVI ikunda guhurira mubitangazamakuru byo mumazi kubera imbaraga za van der Wells hamwe na magnetique nyinshi, bigabanya imbaraga zayo mugukuraho umwanda bitewe no gushiraho ibice bya oxyde bibuza reaction ya nZVI10,12. Gukusanya ibice bya nZVI birashobora kugabanuka muguhindura ubuso bwabo hamwe na surfactants na polymers cyangwa kubihuza nibindi bikoresho bya nanomateriali muburyo bwa compozitif, byagaragaye ko ari inzira ifatika yo kuzamura umutekano wabo mubidukikije13,14.
Graphene ni karubone ebyiri-ya karubone nanomaterial igizwe na sp2-ivanze na karubone ya karubone itunganijwe mumashanyarazi. Ifite ubuso bunini, imbaraga zikomeye zubukanishi, ibikorwa byiza bya electrocatalytic, ibikorwa byumuriro mwinshi, umuvuduko wa elegitoronike yihuta, hamwe nibikoresho bitwara ibintu kugirango bishyigikire nanoparticles idasanzwe. Gukomatanya ibyuma bya nanoparticles na graphene birashobora kurenga cyane inyungu zumuntu kugiti cye kandi, kubera imiterere yumubiri na chimique isumba iyindi, bitanga ikwirakwizwa ryiza rya nanoparticles kugirango itunganyirize amazi neza15.
Ibikomoka ku bimera nuburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya imiti yangiza imiti ikunze gukoreshwa muri synthesis ya graphene oxyde yagabanutse (rGO) na nZVI kuko iraboneka, ihendutse, intambwe imwe, yangiza ibidukikije, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa nkigabanya imiti. nka flavonoide hamwe nibintu bya fenolike nabyo bikora nka stabilisateur. Kubwibyo, Atriplex halimus L. ibibabi byakoreshejwe nkibikoresho byo gusana no gufunga synthesis ya rGO / nZVI yibigize muri ubu bushakashatsi. Atriplex halimus yo mumuryango Amaranthaceae nigiti gikunda azote gikunda imyaka myinshi hamwe nuburinganire bwagutse16.
Ukurikije ubuvanganzo buboneka, Atriplex halimus (A. halimus) yakoreshejwe bwa mbere mugukora rGO / nZVI nkuburyo bwa synthesis yubukungu n’ibidukikije. Rero, intego yiki gikorwa igizwe nibice bine: (1) phytosynthesis ya rGO / nZVI hamwe nababyeyi nZVI bahimbye bakoresheje A. halimus ibibabi byamazi yo mu mazi, (2) kuranga ibinyabuzima bya phytosintezez hakoreshejwe uburyo bwinshi bwo kwemeza ibihimbano byabo neza, (3 .
Hydrochloride ya Doxycycline (DC, MM = 480.90, imiti ya C22H24N2O · HCl, 98%), icyuma cya chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3.6H2O, 97%), ifu ya grafite yaguzwe na Sigma-Aldrich, muri Amerika. Hydroxide ya Sodium (NaOH, 97%), Ethanol (C2H5OH, 99,9%) na aside hydrochloric (HCl, 37%) byaguzwe i Merck, muri Amerika. NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MnCl2 na MgCl2 byaguzwe muri Tianjin Comio Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Reagent zose zifite ubuziranenge bwo gusesengura. Amazi yatoboye kabiri yakoreshejwe mugutegura ibisubizo byose byamazi.
Ingero zerekana A. halimus zegeranijwe zivuye aho zisanzwe ziri muri Delta ya Nili ndetse no ku nkombe z’inyanja ya Mediterane ya Misiri. Ibikoresho by'ibihingwa byakusanyirijwe hamwe n'amabwiriza akurikizwa mu gihugu no mu mahanga17. Prof. Manal Fawzi yerekanye ingero z’ibimera nk'uko Boulos18 ibivuga, kandi ishami ry’ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije muri kaminuza ya Alegizandiriya ryemerera gukusanya amoko y’ibimera yize hagamijwe ubumenyi. Icyitegererezo cy'icyitegererezo kibera muri kaminuza ya Tanta Herbarium (TANE), inyemezabuguzi n. 14 122–14 127, herbarium rusange itanga ibikoresho byabitswe. Byongeye kandi, kugirango ukureho umukungugu cyangwa umwanda, gabanya amababi yikimera mo uduce duto, kwoza inshuro 3 ukoresheje robine n'amazi yatoboye, hanyuma wumuke kuri 50 ° C. Igihingwa cyajanjaguwe, g 5 yifu nziza yinjizwa muri ml 100 yamazi yatoboye hanyuma ikangurwa kuri 70 ° C muminota 20 kugirango ibone ikuramo. Ibikomoka kuri Bacillus nicotianae byayungurujwe binyuze mu mpapuro za filteri ya Whatman hanyuma ibikwa mu miyoboro isukuye kandi itanduye kuri 4 ° C kugirango ikoreshwe.
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1, GO yakozwe mu ifu ya grafite nuburyo bwa Hummers bwahinduwe. Mg 10 yifu ya GO yakwirakwijwe muri ml 50 yamazi ya deionion muminota 30 munsi ya sonic, hanyuma 0,9 g ya FeCl3 na 2,9 g ya NaAc ivangwa muminota 60. Ml 20 yikibabi cya atriplex yongewe kumuti ushizwemo hanyuma usigara kuri 80 ° C mumasaha 8. Ibisubizo byirabura byavuyemo byayungurujwe. Nanocomposite yateguwe yogejwe na Ethanol n'amazi ya bidistile hanyuma yumishwa mu ziko rya vacuum kuri 50 ° C mumasaha 12.
Amafoto ya sisitemu na digitale ya synthesis yicyatsi ya rGO / nZVI na nZVI no kuvana antibiyotike ya DC mumazi yanduye ukoresheje ibimera bya Atriplex halimus.
Muri make, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 1, ml 10 yumuti wa chloride wicyuma urimo 0.05 M Fe3 + ion wongewemo ibitonyanga kugeza kuri ml 20 yumuti wamababi asharira muminota 60 hamwe nubushyuhe buringaniye kandi ubyutsa, hanyuma igisubizo noneho gishyirwa kuri 14,000 rpm (Hermle, 15,000 rpm) muminota 15 kugirango utange ibice byumukara, hanyuma byogejwe inshuro 3 hamwe na Ethanol namazi yatoboye hanyuma byumishwa mumatara ya vacuum kuri 60 ° C. ijoro ryose.
Ibihingwa-bigizwe na rGO / nZVI na nZVI byahimbwe byaranzwe na UV igaragara ya spekitroscopi (T70 / T80 ikurikirana UV / Vis spectrophotometero, PG Instruments Ltd, UK) murwego rwo gusikana rwa 200-800 nm. Gusesengura imiterere yimiterere nubunini bwikwirakwizwa rya rGO / nZVI na nZVI, hakoreshejwe TEM spectroscopy (JOEL, JEM-2100F, Ubuyapani, umuvuduko wa voltage 200 kV). Kugirango dusuzume amatsinda akora ashobora kugira uruhare mubikomoka ku bimera bishinzwe kugarura no gutuza, hakozwe FT-IR spectroscopy (JASCO spectrometer iri hagati ya 4000-600 cm-1). Mubyongeyeho, zeta ishobora gusesengura (Zetasizer Nano ZS Malvern) yakoreshejwe mukwiga hejuru yubuso bwa nanomateriali. Kubipimo bya X-ray byo gupima ifu ya nanomateriali, hakoreshejwe X-ray diffractometer (X'PERT PRO, Ubuholandi), ikoreshwa kuri current (40 mA), voltage (45 kV) muri 2θ kuva kuri 20 ° kugeza 80 ° n'imirasire ya CuKa1 (\ (\ lambda = \) 1.54056 Ao). Ingufu zikwirakwiza X-ray spectrometer (EDX) (icyitegererezo JEOL JSM-IT100) yari ashinzwe kwiga ibigize ibice mugihe yakusanyaga X-imirasire ya Al K-α kuva -10 kugeza 1350 eV kuri XPS, ubunini bwa 400 μm K-ALPHA (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) ingufu zo kohereza ibintu byose ni 200 eV naho imirongo migufi ni 50 eV. Ifu y'icyitegererezo ikanda ku cyitegererezo, gishyirwa mu cyumba cya vacuum. Ikirangantego C 1 cyakoreshejwe nkibisobanuro kuri 284.58 eV kugirango hamenyekane ingufu zihuza.
Ubushakashatsi bwa Adsorption bwakozwe kugirango hamenyekane imikorere ya rGO / nZVI nanocomposite mugukuraho doxycycline (DC) mubisubizo byamazi. Ubushakashatsi bwa Adsorption bwakorewe muri ml 25 ya flasike ya Erlenmeyer ku muvuduko ukabije wa 200 rpm kuri shitingi ya orbital (Stuart, Orbital Shaker / SSL1) kuri 298 K. Mugukoresha igisubizo cya DC (1000 ppm) n'amazi meza. Kugirango hamenyekane ingaruka za dosiye ya rGO / nSVI kumikorere ya adsorption, nanocomposite yuburemere butandukanye (0.01–0.07 g) yongewe kuri ml 20 yumuti wa DC. Kwiga kinetics na adsorption isotherms, 0,05 g ya adsorbent yashizwe mumuti wamazi wa CD hamwe nibitekerezo byambere (25-100 mg L - 1). Ingaruka za pH mukurandura DC zakozwe kuri pH (3–11) hamwe nubushakashatsi bwa 50 mg L-1 kuri 25 ° C. Hindura pH ya sisitemu wongeyeho umubare muto wa HCl cyangwa NaOH (Crison pH metero, metero pH, pH 25). Hiyongereyeho kandi, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku bushyuhe bwa reaction ku bushakashatsi bwa adsorption buri hagati ya 25-55 ° C. Ingaruka zingufu za ionic kuri gahunda ya adsorption yakozwe hongerwaho imbaraga zitandukanye za NaCl (0.01-4 mol L - 1) kuri concentration ya DC ya 50 mg L - 1, pH 3 na 7), 25 ° C, na igipimo cya adsorbent ya 0,05 g. Kwiyongera kwa DC kutapimwe DC byapimwe hifashishijwe ibiti bibiri UV-Vis spectrophotometer (T70 / T80, PG Instruments Ltd, UK) ifite cm 1.0 z'uburebure bwa quartz cuvettes z'uburebure ntarengwa (λmax) bwa 270 na 350 nm. Ijanisha ryo gukuraho antibiyotike ya DC (R%; Ink. 1) hamwe na adsorption ya DC, qt, Eq. 2 (mg / g) byapimwe hakoreshejwe ikigereranyo gikurikira.
aho% R nubushobozi bwo gukuraho DC (%), Co niyo yibanze ya DC mugihe 0, naho C ni DC yibanda kumwanya t, (mg L-1).
aho qe ni ingano ya DC yamamajwe kuri buri gice cya adsorbent (mg g-1), Co na Ce nibyo byibanda kumwanya wa zeru no kuringaniza, (mg l-1), V nubunini bwibisubizo (l) , na m ni adsorption mass reagent (g).
Amashusho ya SEM (Igishusho 2A - C) yerekana morfologiya ya lamellar ya rGO / nZVI igizwe na fer ya fer nanoparticles ikwirakwizwa kimwe hejuru yayo, byerekana guhuza neza nZVI NPs hejuru ya rGO. Mubyongeyeho, hari iminkanyari mu kibabi cya rGO, yemeza ko hakuweho amatsinda arimo ogisijeni icyarimwe hamwe no kugarura A. halimus GO. Iyi minkanyari nini ikora nkibibanza byo gupakira ibyuma bya NP. amashusho ya nZVI (Igishusho 2D-F) yerekanaga ko ibyuma bya NPs bitandukanijwe cyane kandi bitateranije, ibyo bikaba biterwa nuburyo bwo gutwikira ibice byibimera biva mu bimera. Ingano yingirakamaro yari itandukanye muri 15-26 nm. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, uturere tumwe na tumwe dufite imiterere ya morfologiya ifite imiterere n’ibibyimba, bishobora gutanga ubushobozi bukomeye bwa adsorption ya nZVI, kubera ko bishobora kongera amahirwe yo gufata imitsi ya DC hejuru ya nZVI. Iyo ikariso ya Rosa Damasiko yakoreshejwe muguhuza nZVI, NP zabonetse ntizigeze ziterana, zifite ubusa nuburyo butandukanye, ibyo bikaba byaragabanije imikorere yabo muri Cr (VI) adsorption kandi byongera igihe cyo kubyitwaramo 23. Ibisubizo bihuye na nZVI ikomatanyirizwa mumababi ya oak na tuteri, bigizwe ahanini na nanoparticles ya serefegitura ifite ubunini bwa nanometero zitandukanye nta agglomeration igaragara.
SEM amashusho ya rGO / nZVI (AC), nZVI (D, E) hamwe na EDX ishusho ya nZVI / rGO (G) na nZVI (H).
Ibigize bigize ibimera-bihujwe na rGO / nZVI na nZVI bihimbano byakozwe hakoreshejwe EDX (Ishusho 2G, H). Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko nZVI igizwe na karubone (38.29% na misa), ogisijeni (47.41% na misa) hamwe nicyuma (11.84% kubwinshi), ariko ibindi bintu nka fosifore24 nabyo birahari, bishobora kuboneka mubikomoka ku bimera. Byongeye kandi, ijanisha ryinshi rya karubone na ogisijeni biterwa no kuba hari phytochemiki iva mu bimera biva mu bimera bya nZVI. Ibi bice bikwirakwizwa kuri rGO ariko mubice bitandukanye: C (39.16 wt%), O (46,98 wt%) na Fe (10.99 wt%), EDX rGO / nZVI nayo yerekana ko hariho ibindi bintu nka S, aribyo irashobora guhuzwa nibikomoka ku bimera, bikoreshwa. Ikigereranyo C: O igipimo hamwe nibyuma biri murwego rwa rGO / nZVI ukoresheje A. halimus nibyiza cyane kuruta gukoresha ibibabi bya eucalyptus, kuko biranga ibigize C (23.44 wt.%), O (68.29 wt.%) na Fe (8.27 wt.%). wt%) 25.
Imiterere ya nZVI ikomatanyirijwe mu bimera (Igicapo S2A, B) yari igizwe kandi ntigisanzwe, ifite impuzandengo ya 23.09 ± 3.54 nm, icyakora igiteranyo cy’urunigi cyagaragaye kubera imbaraga za van der Waals hamwe na ferromagnetism. Iyi miterere yiganjemo granular na sherfike imiterere ihuza neza nibisubizo bya SEM. Ubushakashatsi nk'ubwo bwabonetse na Abdelfatah n'abandi. muri 2021 mugihe ibishishwa byibabi bya castor byakoreshejwe muri synthesis ya nZVI11. Ruelas tuberosa ikuramo amababi NPs ikoreshwa nkigabanya muri nZVI nayo ifite imiterere ya serefegitire ifite diameter ya 20 kugeza 40 nm26.
Hybrid rGO / nZVI igizwe na TEM amashusho (Igicapo S2C-D) yerekanaga ko rGO nindege yibanze ifite imitwe yiminkanyari hamwe nimpu zitanga ibibanza byinshi byo gupakira kuri nZVI NPs; iyi morfologiya ya lamellar nayo yemeza guhimba neza rGO. Mubyongeyeho, nZVI NPs ifite imiterere ya serefegitire ifite ubunini buke kuva kuri 5.32 kugeza kuri 27 nm kandi byinjijwe murwego rwa rGO hamwe no gutatanya hafi. Ikibabi cya Eucalyptus cyakoreshejwe muguhuza Fe NPs / rGO; Ibisubizo bya TEM byemeje kandi ko imyunyu iri murwego rwa rGO yatezimbere ikwirakwizwa rya Fe NP kuruta Fe NPs nziza kandi byongera reaction yibigize. Ibisubizo nkibi byabonetse na Bagheri n'abandi. 28 iyo compte yahimbwe hakoreshejwe tekinoroji ya ultrasonic hamwe nimpuzandengo ya nanoparticle yicyuma kingana na 17.70 nm.
FTIR yerekanwe ya A. halimus, nZVI, GO, rGO, na rGO / nZVI ibihimbano byerekanwe mubishushanyo. 3A. Kubaho kwitsinda ryimikorere yibibabi bya A. halimus bigaragara kuri cm 3336 cm-1, bihuye na polifenol, na cm 1244 cm-1, bihuye nitsinda rya karubone ryakozwe na proteyine. Andi matsinda nka alkane kuri cm 2918 cm 1, alukene kuri cm 1647 cm-1 na CO-O-CO yaguye kuri cm 1030 cm-1 nazo zaragaragaye, byerekana ko hariho ibice byibimera bikora nkibifunga kandi bifite inshingano zo gukira kuva kuri Fe2 + kugeza kuri Fe0 hanyuma UJYA kuri rGO29. Muri rusange, nZVI yerekanwe yerekana impinga yo kwinjirira kimwe nisukari isharira, ariko hamwe nu mwanya uhindutse gato. Itsinda rikomeye rigaragara kuri cm 3244 cm-1 ifitanye isano na OH irambura OH (fenolisi), impinga ya 1615 ihuye na C = C, naho imirongo ya 1546 na 1011 cm-1 ikaduka kubera kurambura C = O (polifenol na flavonoide) , CN -itsinda rya amine aromatic na amine alifatique naryo ryagaragaye kuri cm 1310-1 na cm 1190 cm-1, 13. FTIR spekiteri ya GO yerekana ko hariho amatsinda menshi afite imbaraga nyinshi za ogisijeni zirimo ogisijeni, harimo na alkoxy (CO) irambuye kuri cm 1041 cm-1, epoxy (CO) irambuye kuri cm 1291 cm-1, C = O. itsinda rya C = C rirambura kunyeganyega kuri cm 1619 cm-1, umurongo wa cm 1708-1 hamwe nitsinda rinini ryitsinda rya OH rirambura kuri cm 3384 cm-1, ibyo bikaba byemezwa nuburyo bunoze bwa Hummers, butera okiside neza igishushanyo mbonera. Iyo ugereranije rGO na rGO / nZVI hamwe na GO spectra, ubukana bwamatsinda amwe arimo ogisijeni, nka OH kuri cm 3270 cm-1, buragabanuka cyane, mugihe andi, nka C = O kuri 1729 cm-1, aba yuzuye yagabanutse. yazimiye, byerekana gukuraho neza gukuramo ogisijeni irimo amatsinda akora muri GO hamwe na A. halimus. Impinga nshya ikarishye ya rGO kuri C = C impagarara zigaragara hafi ya 1560 na 1405 cm-1, ibyo bikaba bigabanya kugabanuka kwa GO kuri rGO. Haragaragaye itandukaniro kuva kuri 1043 kugeza kuri 1015 cm-1 no kuva kuri 982 kugeza kuri 918 cm-1, bishoboka ko byatewe no gushyiramo ibimera 31,32. Weng n'abandi. amatsinda akora. 33.
A. FTIR spektr ya gallium, nZVI, rGO, GO, ikomatanya rGO / nZVI (A). Roentgenogrammy igizwe rGO, GO, nZVI na rGO / nZVI (B).
Ishirwaho rya rGO / nZVI na nZVI byakozwe ahanini byemejwe nuburyo bwo gutandukanya X-ray (Ishusho 3B). Ubushuhe bukabije bwa Fe0 bwagaragaye kuri 2Ɵ 44.5 °, buhuye na index (110) (JCPDS no 06–0696) 11. Indi mpinga kuri 35.1 ° yindege (311) yitirirwa magnetite Fe3O4, 63.2 ° irashobora kuba ifitanye isano na Miller index yindege (440) kubera ko ϒ-FeOOH (JCPDS no 17-0536) 34. Imiterere ya X-ray ya GO yerekana impinga ikaze kuri 2Ɵ 10.3 ° nindi mpinga kuri 21.1 °, byerekana exfolisiyonike yuzuye ya grafite kandi ikerekana ko hariho amatsinda arimo ogisijeni hejuru ya GO35. Ibishushanyo mbonera bya rGO na rGO / nZVI byanditseho ibura ryimisozi iranga GO no gushiraho impinga nini ya rGO kuri 2Ɵ 22.17 na 24.7 ° kubice bya rGO na rGO / nZVI, ibyo bikaba byemeje ko GO yakuwe neza nibikomoka ku bimera. Nyamara, muburyo bwa rGO / nZVI, impinga yinyongera ijyanye nindege ya lattice ya Fe0 (110) na bcc Fe0 (200) yagaragaye kuri 44.9 \ (^ \ umuzenguruko \) na 65.22 \ (^ \ umuzenguruko \). .
Ubushobozi bwa zeta nubushobozi buri hagati ya ionic layer ifatanye hejuru yikintu nigisubizo cyamazi kigena imiterere ya electrostatike yibintu kandi igapima ituze37. Isesengura rishoboka rya Zeta-ikomatanya ibihingwa nZVI, GO, na rGO / nZVI byerekanaga ko bihamye bitewe nuko hari umuriro mubi wa -20.8, -22, na -27.4 mV, hejuru yabyo, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo S1A- C. . Ibisubizo nkibi bihuye na raporo nyinshi zivuga ko ibisubizo birimo ibice bifite agaciro ka zeta bishobora kuba munsi ya -25 mV muri rusange byerekana urwego rwo hejuru rwumutekano bitewe no kwanga amashanyarazi hagati yibi bice. Ihuriro rya rGO na nZVI ryemerera guhuriza hamwe kubona amafaranga menshi bityo bikaba bifite umutekano urenze GO cyangwa nZVI wenyine. Kubwibyo, ibintu byo kwanga electrostatike bizatuma habaho imiterere ihamye ya rGO / nZVI39. Ubuso bubi bwa GO butuma butandukana buringaniye mumazi yo mumazi nta agglomeration, itanga uburyo bwiza bwo gukorana na nZVI. Amafaranga yishyurwa ashobora kuba afitanye isano no kuba hari amatsinda atandukanye akora mumashanyarazi asharira ya melon, nayo yemeza imikoranire hagati ya GO nicyuma kibanziriza icyuma hamwe nigiterwa cyibimera kugirango bibe rGO na nZVI, hamwe na rGO / nZVI. Ibi bihingwa bishobora kandi gukora nkibikoresho byo gufata, kuko birinda kwegeranya kwa nanoparticles bivamo bityo bikongera umutekano wabo40.
Ibigize ibice hamwe na valenti yibintu bya nZVI na rGO / nZVI byagenwe na XPS (Ishusho 4). Muri rusange ubushakashatsi bwa XPS bwerekanye ko ibice bya rGO / nZVI bigizwe ahanini nibintu C, O, na Fe, bihuza no gushushanya ikarita ya EDS (Ishusho 4F - H). Ikirangantego C1 kigizwe nimpinga eshatu kuri 284.59 eV, 286.21 eV na 288.21 eV zerekana CC, CO na C = O. Ikirangantego cya O1s cyagabanijwemo impinga eshatu, harimo 531.17 eV, 532.97 eV, na 535.45 eV, zahawe amatsinda ya O = CO, CO, na OYA. Nyamara, impinga kuri 710.43, 714.57 na 724.79 eV bivuga Fe 2p3 / 2, Fe + 3 na Fe p1 / 2. XPS yerekanwe ya nZVI (Igishusho 4C-E) yerekanye impinga kubintu C, O, na Fe. Impinga kuri 284.77, 286.25, na 287.62 eV yemeza ko hariho ibivangwa na fer-karubone, nkuko bivuga CC, C-OH, na CO. Ikirangantego cya O1 cyahuye nimpinga eshatu C - O / fer karubone (531.19 eV), hydroxyl radical (532.4 eV) na O - C = O (533.47 eV). Impinga kuri 719.6 yitirirwa Fe0, mugihe FeOOH yerekana impinga kuri 717.3 na 723.7 eV, hiyongereyeho, impinga kuri 725.8 eV yerekana ko Fe2O342.43 ihari.
XPS yiga nZVI na rGO / nZVI igizwe (A, B). Ibyerekanwe byuzuye bya nZVI C1s (C), Fe2p (D), na O1s (E) na rGO / nZVI C1s (F), Fe2p (G), O1s (H).
N2 adsorption / desorption isotherm (Igishusho 5A, B) yerekana ko ibice bya nZVI na rGO / nZVI biri mubwoko bwa II. Mubyongeyeho, ubuso bwihariye (SBET) bwa nZVI bwiyongereye kuva kuri 47.4549 bugera kuri 152.52 m2 / g nyuma yo guhuma hamwe na rGO. Igisubizo kirashobora gusobanurwa nigabanuka ryimiterere ya magnetiki ya nZVI nyuma ya rGO ihumye, bityo bikagabanya guhuza ibice no kongera ubuso bwibintu. Mubyongeyeho, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 5C, ingano ya pore (8,94 nm) ya compte ya rGO / nZVI irarenze iy'umwimerere nZVI (2.873 nm). Ibisubizo biremeranya na El-Monaem n'abandi. 45.
Kugirango usuzume ubushobozi bwa adsorption yo gukuraho DC hagati ya rGO / nZVI hamwe na nZVI yumwimerere bitewe nubwiyongere bwambere bwibanze, igereranya ryakozwe hongerwaho igipimo gihoraho cya buri adsorbent (0,05 g) kuri DC mubitekerezo bitandukanye byambere. Igisubizo cyakorewe iperereza [25]. –100 mg l - 1] kuri 25 ° C. Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko uburyo bwo kuvanaho (94,6%) bya rGO / nZVI bigize compte byari hejuru kurenza ibya nZVI yumwimerere (90%) kumurongo wo hasi (25 mg L-1). Ariko, mugihe intangiriro yo kwibandaho yariyongereye kugera kuri mg 100 L-1, uburyo bwo gukuraho rGO / nZVI nababyeyi nZVI bwamanutse bugera kuri 70% na 65%, (Ishusho 6A), bishobora guterwa nimbuga nke zikora no gutesha agaciro nZVI. Ibinyuranye, rGO / nZVI yerekanye imikorere ihanitse yo gukuraho DC, ibyo bikaba bishobora guterwa ningaruka zoguhuza hagati ya rGO na nZVI, aho imbuga zihamye ziboneka kuri adsorption ziri hejuru cyane, naho kubijyanye na rGO / nZVI, nibindi DC irashobora kwamamazwa kuruta nZVI. Byongeye, mu mutini. 6B yerekana ko ubushobozi bwa adsorption bwibikoresho bya rGO / nZVI na nZVI byiyongereye kuva kuri 9.4 mg / g bigera kuri 30 mg / g na 9 mg / g, hamwe no kwiyongera kwibanze kwambere kuva kuri 25-100 mg / L. -1.1 kugeza 28,73 mg g-1. Kubwibyo, igipimo cyo gukuraho DC cyahujwe nabi nubushakashatsi bwa mbere bwa DC, byatewe numubare muke wibigo byitumanaho bishyigikirwa na buri adsorbent kugirango adsorption ikureho DC mubisubizo. Rero, dushobora kwanzura duhereye kubisubizo ko ibice bya rGO / nZVI bifite imikorere ihanitse ya adsorption no kugabanuka, kandi rGO mubigize rGO / nZVI irashobora gukoreshwa haba nka adsorbent ndetse nkibikoresho bitwara.
Ubushobozi bwo kuvanaho hamwe nubushobozi bwa DC adsorption kubikoresho bya rGO / nZVI na nZVI byari (A, B) [Co = 25 mg l-1–100 mg l-1, T = 25 ° C, dose = 0.05 g], pH. ku bushobozi bwa adsorption hamwe no gukuraho DC kumikorere ya rGO / nZVI (C) [Co = 50 mg L - 1, pH = 3–11, T = 25 ° C, dose = 0.05 g].
Igisubizo pH nikintu gikomeye mubushakashatsi bwibikorwa bya adsorption, kubera ko bigira ingaruka kurwego rwa ionisiyoneri, ibivugwa, hamwe na ionisation ya adsorbent. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe kuri 25 ° C hamwe na dose ya adsorbent ihoraho (0,05 g) hamwe nubushakashatsi bwa 50 mg L-1 murwego rwa pH (3-11). Dukurikije isubiramo ryibitabo46, DC ni molekile ya amphifilike ifite amatsinda menshi yimikorere ya ionizable (fenol, amatsinda ya amino, alcool) kurwego rwa pH zitandukanye. Nkigisubizo, imikorere itandukanye ya DC nuburyo bujyanye nayo hejuru yubuso bwa rGO / nZVI irashobora gukorana mumashanyarazi kandi irashobora kubaho nka cations, zwitterions, na anion, molekile ya DC ibaho nka cationic (DCH3 +) kuri pH <3.3, zwitterionic (DCH20) 3.3 <pH <7.7 na anionic (DCH− cyangwa DC2−) kuri PH 7.7. Nkigisubizo, imikorere itandukanye ya DC nuburyo bujyanye nayo hejuru yubuso bwa rGO / nZVI irashobora gukorana mumashanyarazi kandi irashobora kubaho nka cations, zwitterions, na anion, molekile ya DC ibaho nka cationic (DCH3 +) kuri pH <3.3, zwitterionic (DCH20) 3.3 <pH <7.7 na anionic (DCH- cyangwa DC2-) kuri PH 7.7. В результате различныеункции ДК и связанных с ним на поверхности киозита rGO / nZVI могут вазимодействовать матрстатически и могут существовать в ва ва ва ра ра р <3,3, цвиттер- ионный (DCH20) 3,3 <pH <7,7 и ан аныйный (DCH- или DC2-) при pH 7,7. Nkigisubizo, imikorere itandukanye ya DC nuburyo bujyanye nayo hejuru yuburinganire bwa rGO / nZVI irashobora gukorana mumashanyarazi kandi irashobora kubaho muburyo bwa cations, zwitterions, na anion; molekile ya DC ibaho nka cation (DCH3 +) kuri pH <3.3; ionic (DCH20) 3.3 <pH <7.7 na anionic (DCH- cyangwa DC2-) kuri pH 7.7.因此 ， DC 的 各种 功能 和 rGO / nZVI 复合 材料 表面 的 相关 结构 可能 会 静电 阳离子 、 ， ， ， ， <DC DC DC DC DC DC形式 存在 ， 两性 离子 (DCH20) 3.3 <pH <7.7 和 阴离子 (DCH- 或 DC2-) 在 PH 7.7。因此 dc 的 种 功能 和 和 和 和 复合 复合 表面 d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d存在 ， 两性 离子 (DCH20) 3.3 <pH <7.7 和 阴离子 (DCH- 或 DC2-) 在 PH 7.7。 Следовательно, различныециции ДК и родственных им на поверхности киозита rGO / nZVI могут вступать в чимстодийстские взимодействия и сущствовать в кат я кат кат кат кат кат кат улы 3+) при рН <3,3. Kubwibyo, imikorere itandukanye ya DC nuburyo bujyanye nayo hejuru yuburinganire bwa rGO / nZVI irashobora kwinjira mumikoranire ya electrostatike kandi ikabaho muburyo bwa cations, zwitterions, na anion, mugihe molekile ya DC iba cationic (DCH3 +) kuri pH <3.3. Он существует в виде цвиттер-иона (DCH20) при 3,3 <pH <7,7 и ан ана (DCH- или DC2-) при pH 7,7. Irahari nka zwitterion (DCH20) kuri 3.3 <pH <7.7 na anion (DCH- cyangwa DC2-) kuri pH 7.7.Hamwe no kwiyongera kwa pH kuva kuri 3 kugeza kuri 7, ubushobozi bwa adsorption hamwe nuburyo bwo gukuraho DC bwiyongereye kuva kuri 11.2 mg / g (56%) bugera kuri 17 mg / g (85%) (Ishusho 6C). Nyamara, uko pH yiyongereye kugera kuri 9 na 11, ubushobozi bwa adsorption hamwe no kuyikuraho byagabanutse mu buryo runaka, kuva 10,6 mg / g (53%) kugeza kuri mg / g 6 (30%). Hamwe no kwiyongera kwa pH kuva kuri 3 kugeza kuri 7, DC ahanini yabayeho muburyo bwa zwitterions, bigatuma bakora hafi ya electrostatike cyangwa bakangwa na rGO / nZVI, bigizwe ahanini nubufatanye bwa electrostatike. Nkuko pH yiyongereye hejuru ya 8.2, hejuru ya adsorbent yashizwemo nabi, bityo ubushobozi bwa adsorption bwaragabanutse kandi buragabanuka bitewe no kwanga amashanyarazi hagati ya doxycycline yuzuye nabi hamwe nubuso bwa adsorbent. Iyi myumvire yerekana ko DC adsorption kuri compte ya rGO / nZVI iterwa cyane na pH, kandi ibisubizo byerekana kandi ko ibice bya rGO / nZVI bikwiranye na adsorbents mugihe cya acide kandi itabogamye.
Ingaruka yubushyuhe kuri adsorption yumuti wamazi wa DC yakorewe kuri (25-55 ° C). Igicapo 7A cerekana ingaruka ziyongera ryubushuhe kumikorere yo gukuraho antibiyotike ya DC kuri rGO / nZVI, biragaragara ko ubushobozi bwo kuvanaho hamwe nubushobozi bwa adsorption bwiyongereye buva kuri 83.44% na 13.9 mg / g bugera kuri 47% na 7.83 mg / g. . Iri gabanuka rikomeye rishobora guterwa no kwiyongera kwingufu zumuriro wa DC ion, biganisha kuri desorption47.
Ingaruka yubushyuhe bwo Gukuraho no Kongera Ubushobozi bwa CD kuri CD ya rGO / nZVI (A) Kwibanda kwambere kubushobozi bwa adsorption hamwe nuburyo bwo gukuraho DC kumurongo wa rGO / nSVI (B) [Co = 50 mg L - 1, pH = 7, T = 25 ° C] (C, D) [Co = 25–100 mg L - 1, pH = 7, T = 25 ° C, ikinini = 0,05 g].
Ingaruka zo kongera igipimo cya adsorbent rGO / nZVI kuva kuri 0,01 g kugeza kuri 0.07 g ku buryo bwo kuyikuraho hamwe nubushobozi bwa adsorption bwerekanwe ku gishushanyo. 7B. Ubwiyongere bwikigereranyo cya adsorbent bwatumye igabanuka ryubushobozi bwa adsorption kuva 33.43 mg / g kugeza kuri 6.74 mg / g. Ariko, hamwe no kwiyongera kwa dose ya adsorbent kuva kuri 0.01 g kugeza kuri 0,07 g, uburyo bwo kuyikuramo bwiyongera kuva kuri 66.8% bugera kuri 96%, kubwibyo, bishobora kuba bifitanye isano no kwiyongera kwikigo gikora hejuru ya nanocomposite.
Ingaruka zo kwibanda kwambere kubushobozi bwa adsorption no gukuraho neza [25-100 mg L-1, 25 ° C, pH 7, dose 0,05 g]. Iyo kwibanda kwambere kwongerewe kuva kuri 25 mg L-1 kugeza kuri 100 mg L-1, ijanisha ryo gukuraho rGO / nZVI ryagabanutse riva kuri 94,6% rigera kuri 65% (Ishusho 7C), birashoboka ko biterwa no kubura ibikorwa bifuza gukora imbuga. . Adsorbs nini ya DC49. Ku rundi ruhande, uko intumbero ya mbere yariyongereye, ubushobozi bwa adsorption nabwo bwiyongereye kuva kuri 9.4 mg / g bugera kuri 30 mg / g kugeza igihe habaye uburinganire (Ishusho 7D). Iyi myitwarire byanze bikunze iterwa no kwiyongera kwingufu zo gutwara hamwe nubushakashatsi bwa DC bwambere burenze ubwinshi bwimurwa rya DC ion kugirango bugere hejuru ya 50 ya rGO / nZVI.
Guhuza igihe hamwe nubushakashatsi bwa kinetic bigamije gusobanukirwa nigihe kingana na adsorption. Ubwa mbere, umubare wa DC wamamajwe muminota 40 yambere yigihe cyo kuvugana wari hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyamafaranga yatanzwe mugihe cyose (iminota 100). Mugihe molekile ya DC mubisubizo igongana bigatuma bimuka byihuse hejuru yububiko bwa rGO / nZVI bikavamo adsorption ikomeye. Nyuma yiminota 40, DC adsorption yiyongereye buhoro buhoro buhoro kugeza igihe uburinganire bwagerwaho nyuma yiminota 60 (Ishusho 7D). Kubera ko umubare wuzuye wamamajwe muminota 40 yambere, hazabaho guhura gake na molekile ya DC kandi imbuga nke zikora zizaboneka kuri molekile zitamamaza. Kubwibyo, igipimo cya adsorption kirashobora kugabanuka51.
Kugirango urusheho gusobanukirwa kinetics ya adsorption, ibibanza byumurongo wa pseudo urutonde rwa mbere (Igicapo 8A), urutonde rwa kabiri rwa pseudo (Igicapo 8B), na Elovich (Igicapo 8C) icyitegererezo cyakoreshejwe. Duhereye ku bipimo byabonetse mu bushakashatsi bwa kinetic (Imbonerahamwe S1), biragaragara ko icyitegererezo cya pseudosekond nicyitegererezo cyiza cyo gusobanura kinorike ya adsorption, aho agaciro ka R2 gashyizwe hejuru ugereranije nizindi ngero ebyiri. Hariho kandi isano iri hagati yubushobozi bwa adsorption yabazwe (qe, cal). Itondekanya rya pseudo-isegonda hamwe nagaciro kageragezwa (qe, exp.) Nibindi bimenyetso byerekana ko gahunda ya pseudo-kabiri ari icyitegererezo cyiza kuruta izindi moderi. Nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 1, indangagaciro za α (igipimo cyambere cya adsorption) na β (desorption zihoraho) zemeza ko igipimo cya adsorption kiri hejuru yikigereranyo cya desorption, byerekana ko DC ikunda adsorb neza kuri rGO / nZVI52. .
Umurongo wa adsorption kinetic ibibanza bya pseudo-isegonda ya kabiri (A), pseudo-yambere (B) na Elovich (C) [Co = 25–100 mg l - 1, pH = 7, T = 25 ° C, dose = 0.05 g ].
Ubushakashatsi bwa adsorption isotherms ifasha kumenya ubushobozi bwa adsorption ya adsorbent (RGO / nRVI compite) kumurongo wa adsorbate zitandukanye (DC) hamwe nubushyuhe bwa sisitemu. Ubushobozi ntarengwa bwa adsorption bwabazwe hakoreshejwe Langother ya isotherm, yerekanaga ko adsorption yari imwe kandi harimo no gushiraho monolayeri ya adsorbate hejuru ya adsorbent nta mikoranire hagati yabo53. Ubundi buryo bubiri bukoreshwa cyane ni isotherm moderi ni moderi ya Freundlich na Temkin. Nubwo moderi ya Freundlich idakoreshwa mukubara ubushobozi bwa adsorption, ifasha gusobanukirwa inzira ya adsorption itandukanye kandi ko imyanya iri kuri adsorbent ifite imbaraga zitandukanye, mugihe moderi ya Temkin ifasha kumva imiterere yumubiri na chimique ya adsorption54.
Igishushanyo 9A-C cyerekana ibibanza byumurongo wa Langmuir, Freindlich, na Temkin. Indangagaciro za R2 zibarwa uhereye kubibanza byumurongo wa Freundlich (Igicapo 9A) na Langmuir (Igicapo 9B) kandi byerekanwe kumeza ya 2 byerekana ko DC adsorption kumurongo wa rGO / nZVI ikurikira Freundlich (0.996) na Langmuir (0.988) isotherm icyitegererezo na Temkin (0.985). Ubushobozi ntarengwa bwa adsorption (qmax), ubarwa ukoresheje moderi ya Langmuir isotherm, yari 31,61 mg g-1. Mubyongeyeho, agaciro kabaruwe kerekana ibintu bitandukanya (RL) biri hagati ya 0 na 1 (0.097), byerekana inzira nziza ya adsorption. Bitabaye ibyo, Freundlich yabazwe ihoraho (n = 2.756) yerekana icyifuzo cyiyi nzira. Ukurikije icyitegererezo cyumurongo wa Temkin isotherm (Igicapo 9C), adsorption ya DC kumurongo wa rGO / nZVI ni inzira ya adsorption yumubiri, kubera ko b ari ˂ 82 kJ mol-1 (0.408) 55. Nubwo adsorption yumubiri ikunze guhuzwa nimbaraga za van der Waals, imbaraga za adsorption zubu kuri rGO / nZVI bisaba imbaraga nke za adsorption [56, 57].
Freundlich (A), Langmuir (B), na Temkin (C) umurongo wa adsorption isotherms [Co = 25–100 mg L - 1, pH = 7, T = 25 ° C, dose = 0,05 g]. Ikibanza cyo kugereranya van't Hoff kuri DC adsorption na rGO / nZVI igizwe (D) [Co = 25–100 mg l-1, pH = 7, T = 25–55 ° C na dose = 0,05 g].
Kugirango dusuzume ingaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe bwa reaction kuri DC ikurwa muri rGO / nZVI, ibipimo bya termodinamike nka entropiya ihinduka (ΔS), impinduka zishimishije (ΔH), hamwe nimpinduka zubusa (ΔG) zabazwe uhereye kuburinganire. 3 na 458.
aho \ ({K} _ {e} \) = \ (\ frac {{C} _ {Ae}} {{C} _ {e}} \) - iringaniza rya termodinamike ihoraho, Ce na CAe - rGO mubisubizo, bikurikiranye / nZVI DC kwibanda kuburinganire buringaniye. R na RT nubushyuhe bwa gaze hamwe nubushyuhe bwa adsorption. Gutegura ln Ke kurwanya 1 / T bitanga umurongo ugororotse (Igicapo 9D) uhereye aho ∆S na ∆H bishobora kugenwa.
Agaciro keza ΔH yerekana ko inzira ari exothermic. Kurundi ruhande, valueH agaciro kari mubikorwa bya adsorption. Indangagaciro ΔG mu mbonerahamwe ya 3 yerekana ko adsorption ishoboka kandi ubwayo. Indangagaciro mbi za ΔS zerekana urwego rwo hejuru rwa molekules ya adsorbent kumurongo wamazi (Imbonerahamwe 3).
Imbonerahamwe 4 igereranya rGO / nZVI igizwe nibindi byamamaza byavuzwe mubushakashatsi bwabanje. Biragaragara ko ibice bya VGO / nCVI bifite ubushobozi bwa adsorption kandi bishobora kuba ibikoresho bitanga ikurwaho rya antibiyotike ya DC mumazi. Mubyongeyeho, adsorption ya rGO / nZVI ikora ni inzira yihuse hamwe nigihe cyo kuringaniza iminota 60. Indangagaciro nziza ya adsorption yibigize rGO / nZVI irashobora gusobanurwa ningaruka zo guhuza rGO na nZVI.
Igishushanyo cya 10A, B cyerekana uburyo bushyize mu gaciro bwo gukuraho antibiyotike ya DC na rGO / nZVI na nZVI. Ukurikije ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi ku ngaruka za pH ku mikorere ya adsorption ya DC, hamwe no kwiyongera kwa pH kuva kuri 3 kugeza kuri 7, DC adsorption kuri compte ya rGO / nZVI ntabwo yagenzuwe n’imikoranire ya electrostatike, kubera ko yakoraga nka zwitterion; kubwibyo, ihinduka ryagaciro pH ntabwo ryagize ingaruka kubikorwa bya adsorption. Ibikurikira, uburyo bwa adsorption burashobora kugenzurwa nubusabane budafite amashanyarazi nka hydrogene ihuza, ingaruka za hydrophobique, hamwe na π-π guhuza imikoranire hagati ya rGO / nZVI hamwe na DC66. Birazwi neza ko uburyo bwa aromatic adsorbates hejuru yubuso bwa graphene bwasobanuwe n π - π guteranya imikoranire nkimbaraga nyamukuru. Ibigize ni ibintu bisa na graphene hamwe no kwinjiza ntarengwa kuri 233 nm kubera inzibacyuho π-π *. Dushingiye ku kuba hari impeta enye zifite impumuro nziza mu miterere ya molekulari ya DC adsorbate, twavuze ko hari uburyo bwo guhuza imikoranire π-π -gukurikirana hagati ya DC ya aromatiya (π-electron yakira) n'akarere gakungahaye kuri π-electron kuri ubuso bwa RGO. / nZVI. Mubyongeyeho, nkuko bigaragara ku mutini. 10B, ubushakashatsi bwa FTIR bwakozwe kugirango bige imikoranire ya molekulire ya rGO / nZVI hamwe na DC, hamwe na FTIR yerekanwe ya rGO / nZVI nyuma ya DC adsorption yerekanwe kumashusho 10B. 10b. Impinga nshya igaragara kuri cm 2111 cm-1, ibyo bikaba bihuye no kunyeganyega kumurongo wa C = C, byerekana ko hariho amatsinda yimikorere ihwanye na 67 rGO / nZVI. Izindi mpinga ziva kuri 1561 zikagera kuri cm 1548 cm-1 no kuva 1399 zikagera kuri 1360 cm-1, ibyo bikaba byemeza kandi ko π-π imikoranire igira uruhare runini mu kwinjiza graphene n’imyanda ihumanya 68,69. Nyuma ya DC adsorption, ubukana bwamatsinda amwe arimo ogisijeni nka OH, bwaragabanutse kugera kuri cm 3270 cm-1, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko guhuza hydrogène ari bumwe muburyo bwa adsorption. Rero, ukurikije ibisubizo, DC adsorption kumurongo wa rGO / nZVI ibaho cyane cyane kubera π-π guteranya imikoranire hamwe na H-bonds.
Uburyo bushyize mu gaciro bwa adsorption ya antibiyotike ya DC na rGO / nZVI na nZVI (A). FTIR adsorption yerekanwe ya DC kuri rGO / nZVI na nZVI (B).
Ubukomezi bwimitsi ya nZVI kuri 3244, 1615, 1546, na cm 1011 - 1 bwiyongereye nyuma ya DC adsorption kuri nZVI (Igicapo 10B) ugereranije na nZVI, igomba kuba ifitanye isano n’imikoranire nitsinda rishobora gukora rya acide karubasi. O matsinda muri DC. Nyamara, iyi ijanisha ryo hasi ryogukwirakwiza mumatsinda yose yagaragaye byerekana ko nta mpinduka nini ihindagurika ryimikorere ya adsorbent ya phytosynthetic adsorbent (nZVI) ugereranije na nZVI mbere yuburyo bwa adsorption. Dukurikije ubushakashatsi bumwe na bumwe bwo gukuraho DC hamwe na nZVI71, iyo nZVI ikorana na H2O, electron zirarekurwa hanyuma H + igakoreshwa mugukora hydrogène ikora cyane. Hanyuma, ibice bimwe bya cationic byakira electron ziva muri hydrogène ikora, bikavamo -C = N na -C = C-, ibyo bikaba biterwa no kugabana impeta ya benzene.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-14-2022