Mu myaka yashize, hitabwa cyane kuri graphene ndengakamere. Ariko graphene ni iki? Nibyiza, tekereza ikintu gikubye inshuro 200 icyuma, ariko cyoroshye inshuro 1000 kuruta impapuro.
Mu 2004, abahanga babiri bo muri kaminuza ya Manchester, Andrei Geim na Konstantin Novoselov, “bakinnye” na grafite. Nibyo, ikintu kimwe usanga hejuru yikaramu. Bari bafite amatsiko yo kumenya ibikoresho kandi bashaka kumenya niba bishobora gukurwaho murwego rumwe. Basanze rero igikoresho kidasanzwe: kaseti ya duct.
Heim yasobanuriye BBC ati: “Urambika [kaseti] hejuru ya grafite cyangwa mika hanyuma ugakuramo igice cyo hejuru.” Graphite flake iguruka kuri kaseti. Noneho funga kaseti mo kabiri hanyuma uyihambire kurupapuro rwo hejuru, hanyuma wongere ubitandukanye. Noneho usubiremo iyi nzira inshuro 10 cyangwa 20.
“Igihe cyose ibice bigabanijemo ibice byoroshye kandi byoroshye. Mu kurangiza, uduce duto cyane tuguma ku mukandara. Urasibanganya kaseti kandi ibintu byose birashonga. ”
Igitangaje, uburyo bwa kaseti bwakoze ibintu bitangaje. Ubu bushakashatsi bushimishije bwatumye havumburwa flake imwe ya graphene.
Mu mwaka wa 2010, Heim na Novoselov bahawe igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel muri fiziki kubera kuvumbura graphene, ibikoresho bigizwe na atome ya karubone yatunganijwe mu kasho ka mpandeshatu, isa n'insinga z'inkoko.
Imwe mumpamvu nyamukuru graphene itangaje ni imiterere yayo. Igice kimwe cya graphene pristine igaragara nkurwego rwa atome ya karubone itunganijwe muburyo bwa mpande esheshatu. Iyi miterere yubuki bwa atome itanga graphene imbaraga zayo zitangaje.
Graphene nayo ni superstar yamashanyarazi. Ku bushyuhe bwicyumba, ikora amashanyarazi neza kuruta ibindi bikoresho.
Wibuke ayo atome ya karubone twaganiriye? Nibyiza, buriwese afite electron yinyongera yitwa pi electron. Iyi electron igenda yisanzuye, ikayemerera kuyobora imiyoboro inyuze mubice byinshi bya graphene hamwe nuburwanya buke.
Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa kuri graphene mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’ikoranabuhanga rya Massachusetts (MIT) bwavumbuye ikintu gisa n’ubumaji: iyo uhinduye gato (dogere 1.1 gusa) uzengurutsa ibice bibiri bya graphene udahuje, graphene iba super supeructor.
Ibi bivuze ko ishobora kuyobora amashanyarazi idafite ubukana cyangwa ubushyuhe, ikingura uburyo bushimishije bwigihe kizaza hejuru yubushyuhe bwicyumba.
Imwe muma progaramu ya graphene itegerejwe cyane ni muri bateri. Bitewe nubushobozi bwayo buhebuje, turashobora gukora bateri ya graphene yishyuza vuba kandi ikaramba kuruta bateri ya lithium-ion igezweho.
Ibigo bimwe bikomeye nka Samsung na Huawei bimaze gufata iyi nzira, bigamije kwinjiza aya majyambere mubikoresho byacu bya buri munsi.
Umuyobozi w'ikigo cya Cambridge Graphene akaba n'umushakashatsi muri Graphene flagship, igikorwa cyakozwe na Graphene, yagize ati: "Kugeza mu 2024, turateganya ko ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bya graphene bizaba ku isoko." Isosiyete ishora miliyari 1 y'amayero mu mishinga ihuriweho. imishinga. Ihuriro ryihutisha iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya graphene.
Abafatanyabikorwa ba flagship basanzwe bakora bateri ya graphene itanga ubushobozi bwa 20% nimbaraga 15% kurusha bateri nziza cyane yumunsi. Andi makipe yashyizeho imirasire y'izuba ishingiye kuri graphene ikora neza 20% muguhindura urumuri rw'izuba mumashanyarazi.
Mugihe hari ibicuruzwa bimwe byambere byakoresheje ubushobozi bwa graphene, nkibikoresho bya siporo ya Head, ibyiza biracyaza. Nkuko Ferrari yabivuze: “Turavuga kuri graphene, ariko mubyukuri turavuga umubare munini wamahitamo arimo kwigwa. Ibintu bigenda mu nzira nziza. ”
Iyi ngingo yavuguruwe hifashishijwe ikorana buhanga ryubwenge, igenzurwa nukuri, kandi ihindurwa nabanditsi ba HowStuffWorks.
Uruganda rukora ibikoresho bya siporo Head yakoresheje ibi bikoresho bitangaje. Racket yabo ya Graphene XT ivuga ko yoroshye 20% kuburemere bumwe. Ubu ni tekinoroji ya revolution!
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-21-2023