Kuki impapuro za grafite zitwara amashanyarazi? Ihame ni irihe?

Kuki impapuro za grafite zitwara amashanyarazi?

Kuberako grafite irimo amafaranga yimuka yubusa, amafaranga yimuka yisanzuye nyuma yamashanyarazi kugirango akore amashanyarazi, bityo arashobora kuyobora amashanyarazi. Impamvu nyayo ituma grafite ikora amashanyarazi nuko atome 6 za karubone zisangira electron 6 kugirango zibe umurunga munini ∏66 hamwe na electron 6 hamwe na centre 6. Mu mpeta ya karubone igizwe na grafite imwe, impeta zose zigizwe na 6 zigize sisitemu ∏-∏. Muyandi magambo, mu mpeta ya karubone yuburyo bumwe bwa grafite, atome zose za karubone zigira runini runini, kandi electron zose ziri muri iyi nini nini can zishobora gutembera mu bwisanzure mu gice, niyo mpamvu impapuro za grafite zishobora gukora amashanyarazi.

Igishushanyo ni imiterere ya lamellar, kandi hariho electroni yubusa idahujwe hagati yabyo. Nyuma yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, barashobora kugenda berekeza. Mubyukuri ibintu byose bitwara amashanyarazi, ni ikibazo cyo guhangana gusa. Imiterere ya grafite igena ko ifite imbaraga nke zo kurwanya ibintu bya karubone.

Ihame ryimyitwarire yimpapuro:

Carbone ni atom tetravalent. Ku ruhande rumwe, kimwe na atome yicyuma, electron zo hanze ziratakara byoroshye. Carbone ifite electron nkeya. Irasa cyane nicyuma, kuburyo ifite amashanyarazi amwe. , bihuye na electroni nubusa bizakorwa. Uhujwe na electron yo hanze karubone ishobora gutakaza byoroshye, munsi yigikorwa cyitandukaniro rishobora kubaho, hazabaho kugenda no kuzuza ibyobo. Kora urujya n'uruza rwa electron. Iri ni ihame rya semiconductor.