Uburyo bwa okiside ya chimique nuburyo gakondo bwo gutegura grafite yaguka. Muri ubu buryo, grake ya flake isanzwe ivangwa na okiside ikwiye kandi ikomatanya, igenzurwa nubushyuhe runaka, igahora ikangurwa, ikamesa, ikayungurura kandi yumishijwe kugirango ibone grafite yagutse. Uburyo bwa okiside ya chimique bwahindutse uburyo bukuze mubikorwa byinganda hamwe nibyiza byibikoresho byoroshye, imikorere yoroshye nigiciro gito.
Intambwe yintambwe ya okiside ya chimique irimo okiside na intercalation. Okiside ya grafite nicyo kintu cyibanze kugirango habeho igishushanyo mbonera cyagutse, kuko niba intercalation reaction ishobora kugenda neza biterwa nurwego rwo gufungura hagati ya grafite.Kandi na grafite karemano mucyumba ubushyuhe bufite ituze ryiza na aside hamwe na alkali irwanya, ntabwo rero ikora na acide na alkali, kubwibyo, kongeramo okiside byabaye ikintu cyingenzi cya okiside yimiti.
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa okiside, muri rusange okiside ikoreshwa ni okiside ikomeye (nka potasiyumu permanganate, potasiyumu dichromate, chromium trioxide, potasiyumu chlorate, nibindi), irashobora kandi kuba oxyde oxydeide (nka hydrogen peroxide, acide nitric, nibindi). ). Usanga mu myaka yashize ko potasiyumu permanganate ari yo okiside nyamukuru ikoreshwa mugutegura grafite yaguka.
Mubikorwa bya oxydeize, grafite irahinduka okiside kandi urusobe rutabogamye rwa macromolecules murwego rwa grafite ruhinduka planar macromolecules hamwe nubushakashatsi bwiza. Bitewe n'ingaruka zanga zamafaranga amwe amwe, intera iri hagati ya grafite igaragara, itanga umuyoboro n'umwanya wa intercalator kugirango yinjire muri grafite neza. Muburyo bwo gutegura grafite yaguka, agent intercalating ni acide. Mu myaka yashize, abashakashatsi bakoresha cyane aside aside, aside nitric, aside fosifori, aside perchlorike, aside ivanze na acide glacial acetic.
Uburyo bwa mashanyarazi buri mumashanyarazi ahoraho, hamwe numuti wamazi winjizamo nka electrolyte, grafite nibikoresho byuma (ibikoresho byuma bidafite umwanda, plaque platine, plaque ya plaque, plaque titanium, nibindi) bigize anode igizwe, ibikoresho byuma byinjijwe muri electrolyte nka cathode, ikora loop ifunze; Cyangwa igishushanyo cyahagaritswe muri electrolyte, muri electrolyte icyarimwe cyinjijwe mumasahani mabi kandi meza, binyuze muri electrode ebyiri nuburyo bwingufu, okiside ya anodic. Ubuso bwa grafite ni okiside kuri karbokasi. Muri icyo gihe, munsi yibikorwa byahujwe no gukurura electrostatike no gutandukanya itandukaniro ryikwirakwizwa, ion ya acide cyangwa izindi polar intercalant ion zashyizwe hagati ya grafite kugirango ikore grafite yagutse.
Ugereranije nuburyo bwa okiside yimiti, uburyo bwa electrochemicique yo gutegura grafite yagutse mugikorwa cyose udakoresheje okiside, amafaranga yo kuvura ni menshi, ibisigisigi byibintu byangirika ni bito, electrolyte irashobora gukoreshwa nyuma yo kubyitwaramo, ingano ya aside iragabanuka, ikiguzi kirazigama, ihumana ry’ibidukikije riragabanuka, ibyangiritse ku bikoresho ni bike, kandi ubuzima bwa serivisi bwongerewe.Mu myaka yashize, uburyo bw’amashanyarazi bwagiye buhinduka uburyo bwatoranijwe bwo gutegura grafite yaguka by ibigo byinshi bifite ibyiza byinshi.
Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza gazi-fase ni ugukora grafite yaguka muguhuza intercalator hamwe na grafite muburyo bwa gaze na reaction hagati ya rusange. Muri rusange, igishushanyo ninjizamo bishyirwa kumpande zombi za reaction ya kirahure idashobora gushyuha, kandi vacuum irapompa kandi bifunze, bityo bizwi kandi nkuburyo bubiri bwibyumba.Ubu buryo bukunze gukoreshwa muguhuza halide -EG hamwe nicyuma cya alkali -EG munganda.
Ibyiza: imiterere na gahunda ya reaction irashobora kugenzurwa, kandi reaction nibicuruzwa birashobora gutandukana byoroshye.
Ibibi: igikoresho cyo kubyitwaramo kiraruhije, imikorere iragoye, bityo ibisohoka ni bike, kandi reaction igomba gukorwa mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, igihe ni kirekire, kandi nuburyo bwo kubyitwaramo buri hejuru cyane, ibidukikije bigomba gutegurwa kuba icyuho, bityo ikiguzi cyumusaruro ni kinini, ntabwo gikwiranye ninganda nini zikoreshwa.
Uburyo buvanze bwamazi ni ukuvanga mu buryo butaziguye ibikoresho byinjijwe na grafite, mu rwego rwo kurinda umuvuduko wa gaze ya inert cyangwa sisitemu yo gufunga ubushyuhe bwo gutegura ubushyuhe bwagutse. Bikunze gukoreshwa muguhuza ibyuma bya alkali-grafite interlaminar (GICs).
Ibyiza: Igikorwa cyo kubyitwaramo kiroroshye, umuvuduko wibisubizo birihuta, muguhindura igipimo cyibikoresho fatizo bya grafite hamwe ninjizamo bishobora kugera kumurongo runaka hamwe nibigize imiterere yagutse ya grafite, bikwiranye nibikorwa byinshi.
Ibibi: Igicuruzwa cyakozwe ntigihungabana, biragoye guhangana nibintu byinjijwe byubusa bifatanye nubuso bwa GIC, kandi biragoye kwemeza guhuza ibice bya grafite interlamellar mugihe umubare munini wa synthesis.
Uburyo bwo gushonga ni ukuvanga grafite hamwe nubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe kugirango utegure igishushanyo cyagutse.Bishingiye ku kuba ibice bya eutectic bishobora kugabanya aho gushonga kwa sisitemu (munsi yo gushonga kwa buri kintu), ni uburyo bwo gutegura ternary cyangwa ibintu byinshi GICs winjizamo ibintu bibiri cyangwa byinshi (bigomba kuba bishobora gukora sisitemu yumunyu ushongeshejwe) hagati yicyiciro cya grafite icyarimwe.Bisanzwe bikoreshwa mugutegura ibyuma bya chloride - GICs.
Ibyiza: Igicuruzwa cya synthesis gifite ituze ryiza, cyoroshye gukaraba, igikoresho cyoroshye cyo gukora, ubushyuhe buke, igihe gito, kibereye umusaruro munini.
Ibibi: biragoye kugenzura imiterere yuburyo hamwe nibigize ibicuruzwa muburyo bwo kubyitwaramo, kandi biragoye kwemeza ko imiterere yimiterere hamwe nibigize ibicuruzwa muri synthesis.
Uburyo bwotswa igitutu nukuvanga matrike ya grafite hamwe nicyuma cya alkaline yisi nifu yifu yubutaka idasanzwe hanyuma ukabyara umusaruro M-GICS mubihe bigoye.
Ibibi: Gusa iyo umuvuduko wumuyaga wicyuma urenze urwego runaka, reaction yo gushiramo irashobora gukorwa; Nyamara, ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane, byoroshye gutera ibyuma na grafite gukora karbide, reaction mbi, bityo ubushyuhe bwa reaction bugomba kugengwa murwego runaka.Ubushyuhe bwo kwinjiza ibyuma bidasanzwe byubutaka biri hejuru cyane, bityo rero hagomba gukoreshwa igitutu gabanya ubushyuhe bwa reaction. Ubu buryo burakwiriye mugutegura ibyuma-GICS bifite aho bishonga, ariko igikoresho kiragoye kandi ibisabwa mubikorwa birakomeye, kubwibyo ntibikoreshwa ubu.
Uburyo buturika muri rusange bukoresha igishushanyo mbonera no kwagura nka KClO4, Mg (ClO4) 2 · nH2O, Zn (NO3) 2 · nH2O pyropyros cyangwa imvange zateguwe, iyo zishyushye, grafite izahita itera okiside na intercalation reaction ya cambium, hanyuma noneho yagutse muburyo "buturika", bityo igenda yaguka grafite.Iyo umunyu wicyuma ukoreshwa nkibikoresho byo kwagura, ibicuruzwa biraruhije, ntabwo byaguye grafite gusa, ahubwo byuma.
